Chapter I (Undergraduate Thesis)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

In daily life people always do communication with others. The kind of communication can be offering, asking, greeting, inviting, apologizing, requesting, persuading, expecting, alarming, warning, informing, promising, thanking, amusing, convincing, surprising, etc. For Example “I’ll be here tomorrow morning at 7 o’clock” (Promising). When people do those kinds of communication actually they performed speech acts.

In simple, speech act is actions performed via utterances. There are 3 types of Speech Acts, those are Locutionary Acts, Illocutionary Acts, and Perlocutionary Acts. Illocutionary Act is the center point of speech acts; it’s an intended action by the speaker, utterances which have a certain (conventional) force. For example, when someone says “It’s very hot outside” the act he does is informing because he gives information that outside is very hot. The kind of this Illocutionary act belongs to Assertive.

There are five classifications of illocutionary acts, those are Representative (suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting, concluding), Directives (ordering, asking, requesting, inviting, advising, begging), Commisives (promising, planning, vowing, betting, opposing), Expressives (thanking, apologizing, welcoming, deploring), and Declaratives (begging, swearing, declaring). Each illocutionary act generally consists of one illocutionary force (F) and one propositional content (P). For example, there are two utterances: “Are you coming to the party with me?” and “You are coming to the party with me”. Both of them have one illocutionary force and one propositional content. The propositional content of both the utterances are exactly the same; you are coming to the party with me, but they have a different illocutionary force. The first utterance has the illocutionary force of requesting, while the second one has the illocutionary force of ordering. The kinds of illocutionary force always as same as the illocutionary point (the purpose of illocutionary act). Illocutionary force itself has four general types of rules for use, they are: Propositional Content Rule (eg: a request will have some future acts in its content), Preparatory Rule (eg: for a request the hearer must be able to perform the requested action), Sincerity Rule (eg: to sincerely ask a question, the speaker has to want an answer), Essential (eg: a question counts as an attempt to elicit an answer).

Film or movie is one of literary work that favoured by many people these days. People love watching movie in their spare time to refresh their mind after had long-tiring day. Besides drama, film is a literary work that has so many utterances inside. Hence to analyze Illocutionary Acts and Illocutionary Forces the writer had chosen data from the utterances of The Other Boleyn girl. The Other Boleyn girl is a romance-historical movie directed by Justin Chadwick; written by Peter Morgan, based on the novel by Philippa Gregory, produced by Alison Owen, and released by Columbia Pictures and Focus Features on 2008.

There are a lot of illocutionary acts of utterances that can be analyzed in this movie. That is why the writer interested in analyzes and classifies Illocutionary acts and Illocutionary Force of the dialogue in this movie. For example:

        ANNE   :Look at you..! Younger than me. More

               beautiful than me. Married before me.

                  (a beat)

               I am eclipsed. I am just the `Other

               Boleyn Girl.'

                   It was Anne’s statement before Marry’s wedding. She affirms that Marry is luckier, younger and prettier than her. The utterances belongs to Assertives Illocutionary Act, and the act is affirming. As the illocutionary point, the illocutionary force of this utterance is Assertives as well. The types of rule of the Illocutionary force for this utterance are: the propositional content rule is that Marry will get married, the preparatory rule is that they both know that what Anne said is true that Marry is younger and more beautiful than Anne, the sincerity rule is that Anne believes that Marry is luckier than her, and the essential is that Anne affirms Marry that she is luckier than her.

The writer wants to analyze the topic because the writer wants to give more information to the readers what kinds of illocutionary act and illocutionary force, and how the types of rule of the illocutionary force are are found in The Other Boleyn Movie. Therefore the title of the thesis is “An Analysis of Illocutionary Acts and Illocutionary Forces in “The Other Boleyn Girl” Movie by Justin Chadwick”. In analyzing the data had chosen, the writer uses the theory of Speech Act and Illocutionary logic defined by John. R. Searle and Daniel Vanderveken.

1.2 Statements of the Problems

            The problems to be analyzed in this study are formulated as follow:

1.      What kinds of Illocutionary Act are found in the utterances of The Other Boleyn Girl Movie?

2.      What kinds of Illocutionary Force are found in the utterances of The Other Boleyn Girl Movie?

3.      How the types of rule of the Illocutionary force are found in The Other Boleyn Girl Movie?

1.3 Scope and Limitation

            Pragmatics is a branch of Linguistic Field that concern in meaning. This study is very interesting because it show the way to communicate meaningfully. Speech act is one of pragmatics subject, and it deals with how people perform an action by saying. Illocutionary act is the center point of this subject, and is a very interesting topic to be analyzed.

            In order to make the analysis not too broads, the writer only analyzes Illocutionary Act and Illocutionary Force from the main character’s utterances of The Other Boleyn Girl Movie who is Anne Boleyn.

1.4 Goals of the Study

            Based on these problems, the purpose of analyzing Illocutionary Act and Illocutionary Force in The Other Boleyn Girl Movie are:

1.      To classify Illocutionary Act in The Other Boleyn Girl Movie.

2.      To classify Illocutionary Force in The Other Boleyn Girl Movie.

3.      To identify the types of rule of the Illocutionary Force in The Other Boleyn Girl Movie.

1.5 Functions of the Study

            The functions of this study are:

1.      As an improvement knowledge for the writer especially about Illocutionary Act.

2.      As an improvement knowledge of the Illocutionary Act for the readers.

3.      As a reference for English Department Students who wants to analyze linguistic subject regarding Speech Act and Illocutionary Act.

1.6 Systematical Presentation

            The analysis will be divided into five chapters, they are:

Chapter I is Introduction. It consists of background of the study, statements of the problems, scope and limitation of the study, goals of the study, functions of the study and systematical presentation.

Chapter II consists of related studies, review of literature and theoretical framework. In the related studies the writer will explains the similarities and differences with another research.

Chapter III is Approach of Study; it consist of approach will be used for the analysis, data source, data collection, and data analysis.

Chapter IV is Finding and Analysis; it consists of the process of taking and analyzing data, and also answers the fundamental problems in Chapter I.

Chapter V is Conclusion and Suggestion. It consist the conclusion of the study and also the writer gives some suggestions for the further researcher.